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Short Film Textual Analysis
'A Man Who Delivers'

Mise en scene

 

  • Very simplistic and natural settings to show realism.

  • The use of a prop: there is a bottle in the car that rolls around uncontrollably, representing the male protagonist's uncertainty of his job.

 

Sound

 

  • Voiceover by an actor to protect the identity of the drug dealer. The volume is loud, making the atmosphere intense, just like the man's lifestyle.

 

Editing

 

  • On-screen text via text messages are used to give an insight into the man's part in drug trafficking. 

  • Insert shots of clocks show the time scales and demonstrate that he has to work around the clock; he doesn't have a generic 9-5 job because he lives outside of the "norms" of society. Also as the time goes by the red lights on the digital clock get brighter and more intense, showing the danger of his job.

 

Camera

 

  • The drug dealer's face isn't shown for anonymity. This exaggerates how illegal his antics are, which is realistic of how his life really is and how he is taking a risk by having this type of job.

  • Establishing shots are used to show the city environment he operates in. This could mean to say that this kind of business is not as lucrative in the countryside.

Short film based on an interview with an anonymous drug dealer (known as 'Mr' to us) and a series of text messages from his clients. Jamie Jessett's stylish and inventive documentary cleverly mixes audio, abstract imagery and an inventive use of onscreen text to provide an insightful and entertaining glimpse into an often unseen lifestyle. 

 

This short film is a expositional documentary.

 

By Tamuka Walker

 

The opening title of the film uses a text type font that audiences associate with teenagers and their dependence on modern technology – text messaging. The non-diegetic sound of buttons being pressed on a mobile phone reinforces this and suggests the teenage target audience, along with the age of the characters involved within the film.

 

Continuity editing, which is used throughout the film brings us to the first scene with an establishing shot of a girl in a field. The use of the silhouette instantly conveys the genre of the short film, drama, as it creates a sense of mystery. It is clear to the audience that the person is a girl as the silhouette is dancing and singing with her long hair swinging back and forth. The use of diegetic dialogue represents the career path of a typical teenage girl – being a celebrity with fame and fortune. The additional use of rule of thirds where the subject is off centre draws in the audience’s attention as to why the young girl is alone in a field; she wants to practice her singing and dancing by herself because she isn’t confident enough to do it in front of her family or friends? The fact that she sings “my loneliness ain’t killing me no more” suggests that no one in her life is supportive of her dream so she must pursue it by herself.

 

The mise en scene of the location involves low-key lighting, which emphasises her loneliness, due to the lack of colour. However, the gloomy atmosphere creates a contrast to the audience’s assumption of a young girl’s happiness as she finds peace in singing and dancing. The grey sky could foreshadow that her dream career as a singer in the future is dull and grey, indicating there’s no hope for her achieving her dream.

 

The short film then jump cuts to a medium close-up and tracking shot of which we assume is the same girl from the silhouette. The use of diegetic dialogue displays her strong Northern accent to indicate to the audience the region she’s from – Manchester and her colloquial language demonstrates her age (13). She talks fast, which mirrors the fast editing in terms of the jump cuts, while also conveying the stereotype of young teenagers swallowing their words and not speaking properly. It further demonstrates the young generation as hyper and over-excited. In addition to this, the girl is often shown looking and talking to the camera as if she’s talking to the audience. This, along with the use of a handheld camera portrays a sense of realism and allows the audience to feel an emotional attachment to her. The boarded up buildings in the background represent the ‘estate’ life and presents Manchester as a run-down deprived area.

 

‘About A Girl’ constantly uses jump cuts, as she jumps to topics and areas in her life. The use of flashbacks throughout is effective as it reinforces what is being said by the girl and provides the audience with imagery of her life.

 

The use of the girls dialogue, “That bastards me dad”, is followed by a two shot with her and her father. The fact that she swears here emphasises her poor upbringing and social class, since this is uncommon for a girl of her age. The mise en scene of facial expressions on the girl’s face shows that she is bored and is clearly not enjoying the time she is spending with her father. This demonstrates the distance between her and her father and that she isn’t apart of the cliché phrase known as being a ‘daddy’s girl’. The use of red in this scene (chairs, coca cola can and lighting) has connotations of love, which juxtaposes with the lack of love shown. Red could also suggest anger and frustration that the girl feels because her father is paying no attention to her. 

 

The rule of thirds technique is then used again as the camera zooms out to a long shot of the girl sitting on a bench outside the pub. This represents her loneliness because she only has her music for company – shown through the prop of her CD player. This emphasises that music is her only real friend as it helps her escape from a life she doesn’t particularly like to her dream world as a singer. Along with this, the mise en scene of her costume reveals her simple and out-dated clothes and shoes, portraying her parents’ low income.

 

As the use of continuity editing goes on, the jump cuts become more frequent and the handheld camera begins to shake more, linking to her unsteady relationship with her father. Fast pace editing is also used as the narrative builds up to a climax of the short film.   

 

The use of the Britney Spear’s song ‘Oops I did it again’ when the girl is on the bus with her friends and lyrics such as ‘I’m not that innocent’ aids in hinting the true nature of the girl, suggesting to the audience that she’s hiding something.  As the camera pans to show her with her friends, the mise en scene of the girl’s body language shows her open gestures. This clearly indicates that she is happier around her friends, yet more closed and timid around her father.

 

Continuity editing brings us to a point in the film, which again demonstrates her poor background. The girl is positioned in front of her mother, while the use of a focus pull shows her mother scratching a scratch card. This displays the idea that they hope to win some money in order to escape the cycle of poverty they live in. Hope is a motif in the short film as both the mother and the girl wish to escape their real lives and aspire for something bigger. The fact that she is in far front of her mother also conveys their distant relationship; she is depicted as insignificant to both her mother and father.

 

A close-up of the girl is used with the ambient sound of the bus engine in background to display her facial expressions, which suggests that she is in deep thought about her life. This deep emotional state is unusual for a 13 year old girl as at such an age there shouldn’t be anything to worry about. She should have a carefree life but the use of her concentrated and down in the dumps expressions shows she has something big on her mind that’s upsetting her.

 

The long shot of the girl sitting on a bridge above the river from the canal creates a powerful image for the audience as it illustrates her isolation and could suggest the girl’s suicidal thoughts because she isn’t particularly happy with her life. Her parents ignore her and as she looks at her reflection in the water, she see’s a blurred and distorted image of her, mirroring her also distorted life.

 

Towards the end of the short film, we are shown a bird’s eye view of the girl and a crane shot is used to pull out from the canal. The use of the diegetic dialogue here is key as she says “Gotten dead good at hiding things”, in which the climax of the short film has finally been reached. The bird’s eye view shows the girl throwing a white plastic bag into the canal and the colour white connotes purity and innocence, yet the ambient sound of the bag splashing into the water creates a rumbling crescendo, leaving a tense atmosphere. At this point, the camera has an underwater angle and focuses on the floating baby from the plastic bag, adding to the disturbing nature of the scene. The common issue of teenage pregnancy instantly springs to the audience’s mind as the red blood in the water emphasizes the dangers of having a baby at such a young age. The fact that the girl used a plastic bag to carry the baby around displays her lack of care.

Furthermore, the fact that the girl’s coat is always zipped up could relate to her teenage pregnancy as she physically kept her pregnancy a secret from everyone by wearing an oversized jacket.

'About A Girl'

Brian Percival's BAFTA winning short film

 

A girl tells the story of her life and hopes for the future.

This short film can be seen as a 'docu-drama.'

 

By Ashley Fontaine

'Clint Smith: Beyond This Place'

 

‘Societal problems like racism and inequality often feel overwhelming. Clint Smith sees a possible remedy: storytelling. Through his work as a poet, educator, and activist, including an innovative program at the Massachusetts Department of Corrections, Smith often confronts how we’re socialized to simplify others down to their race, their class, or even just their worst moment. The same is being done to us, and thus our lives can feel riven by social divides. But if we learn to tell our own stories—to explore our emotions, and to captivate the emotions of others—we can fully engage with our shared humanity.’

 

Clint’s message pushes us to reassess the way we view prisoners, and teaches us to better empathize with a population that is so often deemed worthless. His program at the Massachusetts Department of Corrections teaches men behind bars how to understand themselves and the world around them by teaching them how to tell stories. 

 

Camera Work

A close-up of Clint Smith’s (poet) notebook showing his many ideas demonstrates that his role in teaching creative writing and literature at the prison in Massachusetts is his passion and that he is dedicated to educating those who want to learn and rebuild their lives.

  • Long shot displaying the inside of a prison cell

  • Extreme close-up of barbed wire, with a shallow focus of the prison tower

  • Establishing shot of prison grounds

  • Low angle looking up at the chain link fences, just as a prisoner's child would do.

  • Medium close-up of a child standing in front of the prison cell gates

  • Two shot of a father and his son, demonstrating their close-knit relationship.

  • Quick POV shot from the son as he holds his father’s hand and looks out into the big city.

  • Zoom in on the bedroom where the son sleeps, emphasizing his "parent-less" place of rest.

 

Editing

Continuity editing is used throughout the short film to show the narrative, along with flashbacks that relate to what Clint Smith is talking about.

  • Frequent jump cuts are used to switch between Clint Smith delivering the narrative through spoken word and the various scenes that relate to the words e.g. prison, shots of a father and his son together.

  • A fade in of a piece of text at the beginning is used to give the audience a brief description of what Clint Smith’s occupation is.

  • Slow paced editing is particularly used when the film focuses on the relationship between the father and son, allowing the audience to feel empathy for those children whose parents are in prison and are missing out on having a close parental bond.

 

Sound

Throughout the short film Clint Smith’s dialogue is used to tell the story of when he first started teaching creative writing and English literature. He also uses direct address through a voiceover when he discusses common societal problems, such as acceptance in the world and social divides.

  • Ambient sound of birds in the background as the poet speaks, making for a tranquil atmosphere.

  • At 2mins 24 seconds, Clint smith uses dialogue to share his powerful poem ‘Beyond This Place’ where he describes what life is like for those in prison that have families on the outside.

  • Non-diegetic score (piano) is used, in which the slow pace is parallel and synchronous to the words of the poem, making for a profound piece of text. In addition, the score is used as a sound bridge to link the various scenes.

  • Diegetic sound of laughter from the child as he plays with his father in the park and as they play-fight, displaying the fun they have when they're together.

 

Mise en scene

 

Locations: The short film includes a classroom, train station, prison, playground and the city (Massachusetts).

The prison scenes display an isolated, rundown building that has lacked love and care for a very long time, which portrays the prisoners’ emotions because they are separated from their loved ones, particularly their children. Alternatively, the iron bars that keep the prisoners within their cells present them as being like dangerous animals, which is how society sees all prisoners yet behind this hazardous outer shell are real people that are damaged, like the decrepit walls.

 

Lighting: High-key lighting is used when the father and son are together, indicating the warmth of love and joy when they’re around each other. It further highlights the importance of a ‘father and son’ relationship as every child should be able to have a close bond with their parents, regardless of whether they are separated by prison walls. In addition, the high-key lighting could also represent the glowing path of hope that the prisoners have had ever since Clint Smith helped them build on their education and creativity skills.

Low-key lighting is used during the prison scenes, conveying the dark clouds of guilt that hang high above the prisoners’ heads as they think about the crimes they have committed.

 

Positioning of Characters: The father is always positioned close to the child, displaying how much he loves his son and how he wants to be by his son’s side as he grows up into a man. At one point, a child is shown in a prison cell and is positioned in the centre, demonstrating that a child is the main person emotionally and physically affected when their parent/guardian goes into prison.

Another key moment is when the child is positioned behind the iron bars of a prison cell, symbolising them being locked out from their parent/guardians lives because they are in prison.

 

A stirring profile of Future of Storytelling featured speaker Clint Smith. Teaching poetry to prisoners, he uses storytelling to transcend race, gender and class to allow us to engage in shared humanity.

This short film is a poetic documentary.

 

By Ashley Fontaine

'About A Girl'

 

Camera Work

 

  • Long shot used to show what surrounds the girl. she is often left isolated, showing that she could be neglected by her parents, leading her irresponsible behaviour.

  • A lot of close ups of the girl as the film is centred around her life. Her face rarely shows a lot of emotion meaning she must be used to poor conditions of life.

  • High angle when she dumps the baby. this could represent how people look down on her. It could also portray her as a lower class citizen.

  • There is a focus pull on the mother which could depict how she is selfish. The girl talks about how her mother would rather pay for ciggarettes then her daughter, the point of this was to show that if a parent doesnt spend enough time with their child then they can end up in a bad situation without sufficent care.

  • Two shot of her father and her in the cafe with a table between them rather then sitting together. This could represent division within the famuly and distance or lack of warmth between her and her dad.

  • An establishing shot is used to show the kind of environment she lives in; Dirty and lower class community.

 

Editing

 

Fast paced editing and jump cuts show that she is not relaxed mentally exaggerating her young age. She may also have had an unfair pas, making her mentally unstable.

Editing is also slow or average at times to reptresent the realism of the short film and how there are girls thay have similar problems in the real world.

 

Sound

 

  • Ambient sound in the cafe with her father to make it more realistic, letting the audience connect emotionally with her,

  • Diagetic sound of the bag hitting the water to make it sound like something is deowning, This could be because the girl is 'in the gutter' and she is drowning without help from her parents.

  • The girls all sing on the bus 'im not that innocent' which app;ies to the film as everything seems pretty average until the end when the story comes together. The song acts as a small hint to the real story of this girl.

 

Mise en scene

 

Lighting is very low key for the majority of the film as it is a sad film. it could also be a portrayal of her future if things dont change.

  • Her clothes do not change at any point, displaying her lack of money.

  • The bag she threw in the river was white which has connotations of innocence so it was as if she was throwing away her innocent predisposition as a young girl and become part of real lifewhere no one is innocent.

By Tamuka Walker

Our in-depth textual analysis of various short films were effective in helping us to deconstruct according to the 4 key elements; exploring the deeper meanings behind them.

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